Critical Period Hypothesis
The critical period for language acquisition语言获得的关键期 Eric Lenneberg was a major proponent.
The critical period hypothesis关键期假设
It refers to a period in one’s life extending from about age two to puberty,during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language and language learning can proceed easily,swiftly,and without explicit instruction.It coincides with the process of brain lateralization.Prior to this period,both hemispheres are involved to some extent in language and one can take over if the other is damaged
.「语言学习关键期」(the critical period)的争议.
认同「愈早开始学习外语,成效愈好」的人,在学理上常引用「语言学习关键期假说」(The Critical Period Hypothesis)来论证此项观点.1959年,神经生理学家Penfield和Roberts从大脑可塑性的角度,提出十岁以前,是学习语言的最佳年龄.哈佛大学心理学教授David Lenneberg(1967)则从医学临床经验,以「神经生理学的观点」有系统地解释「语言学习关键期」,他认为人的大脑从二岁开始边化(lateralization)[4],在边化完成前,人是用全脑来学习语言,约在青春期左右,大脑会完成边化,从此,语言学习主要由左边大脑负责.人脑「边化」后的语言学习不如全脑学习时期来得好.因此,语言学习最好在大脑完成边化之前,这也就是所谓的「语言学习关键期」.除了Lenneberg外,Bickerton(1981)和Coppieters(1987)的研究结果也倾向支持「语言学习关键期」的存在.Lenneberg提出「语言学习关键期假说」主要用来解释第一语(母语)的学习.而Thomas Scovel(1969)更将此假说的解释范围扩及第一语以外的语言学习.
acculturation
n.文化传入,文化适应
Acculturation is the obtainment of culture by an individual or a group of people.The term originally applied only to the process concerning a foreign culture,from the acculturing or accultured recipient point of view,having this foreign culture added and mixed with that of his or her already existing one acquired since birth.
However,the term now has come to mean,in addition,the child-acquisition acculturation of native culture since infancy in the household.A child's learning of its first culture is also called enculturation or merely socialization.
The traditional definition sometimes differentiate between acculturation by an individual (transculturation) and that by a group,usually very large (acculturation).
The old and the new additional definitions have a boundary that blurs in modern multicultural societies,where a child of an immigrant family might be encouraged to acculturate both the dominant also well as the ancestral culture,either of which may be considered "foreign",but in fact,they are both integral parts of the child's development.
“忌讳心里膈应”是中华传统文化中的一种思想观念,指的是人们内心中避免或忌讳的一种感觉或心理状态。具体来说,指的是人们因为某种原因或情况,内心中会有一种抵触、不适或厌恶的感觉,但又不方便直接表达或采取行动去改变这种状态,因此仍然保持着一种表面的默许或虚伪的态度。这种心理状态常常出现在人际交往、礼仪礼节、人情世故等方面,比如在某些场合下面对上级、长辈、权威人物的言行举止表示赞同或敬意,但实际内心中可能并不是那么认同或舒服,但由于一些原因不能表达出来,只能用口是心非的来掩饰自己的真实想法和感受。总之,“忌讳心里膈应”旨在告诫人们要真诚、坦率、直接地表达自己的想法和感受,不要在人际交往中出现表面上虚伪的态度,保持真正的尊重和敬意。
在你在教神经心理学,生理学,心理学的时候你就在促进,因为学生们在学新的单词和短语.
心理学创始人威廉·冯特。威廉·冯特是德国生理学家、心理学家、哲学家,被公认为是实验心理学之父。他于1879年在莱比锡大学创立世界上第一个专门研究心理学的实验室,这被认为是心理学成为一门独立学科的标志。他学识渊博,著述甚丰,一生作品达540余篇,研究领域涉及哲学、心理学、生理学、物理学、逻辑学、语言学、伦理学、宗教等。
1879年心理学家冯特于德国莱比锡大学建立了世界上第一个心理学实验室,这标志着科学心理学正式诞生。之所以将其称为科学心理学,是因为冯特在吸收了当时的哲学心理学、生理学和心理物理学的成就之后,主张以实验的来研究人类的意识,即通过分析意识经验的内容来探求其结构与规律。此外冯特所著的《生理心理学原理》也使得心理学真正成为一门独立的学科,它被称之为心理学的“独立宣言”。